Adoption of Electronic banking system in Ethiopian Banking industry Barriers and Drivers free essay sample

1. Introduction This review assesses the thesis ‘Adoption of Electronic banking system in Ethiopian Banking industry: Barriers and Drivers’. The review will first describe the research problem the thesis tries to address. Secondly, it critically assesses the validity of the research question in light of the stated research problem. In the third place, the review will also examine suitability of research design, type of data collected and data collection method elected, the sample selected, and method of data analysis. The review also evaluate whether or not findings are framed in accordance with the research questions established and that the conclusions follow findings and that recommendations are based on conclusions drawn. The review will also identify the weakness and strengths of the research and finally makes out the lessons drawn out from the thesis review. 2. Description of the research problem Basically the researcher intended to address the problem that Ethiopian banking industry is facing due to the underdevelopment of E-banking in the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Adoption of Electronic banking system in Ethiopian Banking industry: Barriers and Drivers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In comparison to the banking industry operating in the developed country, it is undeniable that the banking industry in Ethiopia is undeveloped. Even though the international trade and import and export business of the country have been growing, the banking system is short of providing efficient and dependable services. E-banking has lots of benefits in delivering banking services to bank customers even though the service consumers are not enjoying with the technological advancement in banking sector which has been entertained elsewhere in most developing and developed countries. The reason for this is lack of awareness or competition among banks. The situation in Ethiopia in connection with the low extent of ICT infrastructure like in developing nations is also the major problem which has not been able to diffuse in the society given the low rate of internet access. 3. Assessing the validity of the research questions in light of the stated research problem The researcher developed the main research question and in order to be able to provide an ample justification to answering the main research question, he has drawn out three basic research  questions to be addressed in the research. The main research question is â€Å"What are the dimensions affecting the adoption of E-banking system in Ethiopian banking industries?† And the three questions are as follows. 1. What are the barriers to E-banking adoption in Ethiopia? 2. What are the drivers for E-banking adoption in Ethiopian banking industry? 3. What are the benefits of E-banking? As the thesis described a research study that was conducted by the researcher, the thesis contained valid research questions that can addresses the problem stated in connection with e-banking in Ethiopia. The researcher tried to answer the main question regarding the dimensions that affect the adoption of e-banking system with the three sub questions that are related with the barriers, drivers and benefits of E-banking. The first question addresses the barriers that hinder banks in Ethiopia from rendering E-banking services and which contributes to its underdevelopment. The researcher tries to answer with this question not only the barriers but also the numerous challenges the Ethiopian banking industry faces to adopt E-banking system and capitalize on the opportunities by using the ICT applications. The second research question deals with the drivers or the benefits generated from adopting E-banking in Ethiopian banking industry. With this question the researcher intended to list factors that contribute to the development of E-banking in the banking industry in Ethiopia. With the third question the researcher tried to manage answering the benefits generated in using E-banking technology that would have a direct contribution to the improvement of the current banking system which in turn enable the E-banking to provide efficient and dependable services. Therefore, all the research questions developed by the researcher are valid in addressing the research problems. 4. Examining the suitability of research design, type of data collected and data collection method elected, the sample selected, and method of data analysis. 4.1 Suitability of research design The researcher adopts both quantitative and qualitative (mixed) research methodology so as to attain the objective of the study and answer the research question. Such data collection method is used in undertaking this  study in order to gather data that could not be obtained by adopting only either quantitative or qualitative method and for triangulation. The research strategy engaged in the research was survey study and data were collected by using questionnaire and interview. SPSS was used to analyze the data. 4.2 Type of data collected and data collection method selected The type of data collected in this study was primary data. The method of data collections technique consists of Survey, interviews and document analysis. Regarding the survey, questionnaire was distributed to the staff of the four purposively selected banks: one state owned and three private commercial banks to identify their intension on the adoption of E-banking systems. The questionnaire was distributed to 160 employees, all the staff of E-payment or IT department of each bank was participated in the study. Interviews were conducted with the managers of the purposively sampled banks and with one person (banking department manager) at National Bank of Ethiopia. Collecting of data by using questionnaire and interview were supported by different documents obtained from records and reports of the industry, from web site, books, articles and Journals. 4.3 Sample Selected The research was conducted on the samples of 4 commercial banks, one from state owned commercial bank and private commercial banks. These samples were chosen purposively based on their familiarity with technological innovations in Ethiopia. And this technique also decreases the generalizability of findings. 4.4 Method of data analysis. The researcher analyzed the data collected through survey to statistical populations concerning the adoption of E-banking system. The data collected via questionnaire was analysed with descriptive statistics using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS). And the data that was collected from the interview and review of documents were interpreted qualitatively. 5. Evaluation of the Findings whether they are aligned with the research questions established and that the conclusions follow findings and recommendations are based on conclusions drawn. 5.1 Evaluation of the Findings whether or not they are framed in accordance with the research problem established The findings were developed towards the end of the thesis identifying the barriers, drivers and benefits generated from the  adoption of E-banking in Ethiopia. Three factors that determine barriers are stated in the findings section as: 1. Technological barriers – Security risk and lack of trust on the technological innovation used by the banking industries. 2. Organizational factor – financial cost and human resource is considered. However financial costs were not considered as barrier for the adoption of E-banking in Ethiopia. Regarding human resource, lack of technical and managerial skills to use and implement the system is considered as a barrier. 3. External environmental factors – lack of legal framework that govern E-banking system at national level is mentioned in the findings. In addition to this, lack of ICT infrastructure and absence of competition between local and foreign banks were also identified as barriers in the research. In the study basic benefits banks could get from utilizing E-banking are spotted out. Those benefits are considered as the driving force for the adoption of the electronic banking system. The two drivers are classified based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM): perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. This is considered as a major benefit of using E-banking system. The other benefit searched out was its usefulness in terms of time and cost saving. The two benefits are basic and that they drive the banking industry to adopt technological innovations. The study also come up with the list of benefits acquired in implementing the E-banking system such as enhancing customer satisfaction, reduce the number of customers that appear to the banks in person, increase the productivity of banks, increase reliability and accessibility of banking service, create good relationship between clients and bank and also used as a better information control. From the above stated findings point of view the researcher well framed and the findings are in accordance with the research questions. All questions are addressed in the findings. 5.2 Evaluating the relationship of the Conclusions and Findings In assessing the conclusions drawn out from the study and check their relationship with the findings, the conclusions are summarized as follows. Lack of legal frame works and low level of ICT infrastructure contributes to the undeveloped E-banking system, such as ATM, mobile banking, internet banking and other e-banking services. The security risk and lack of trust on the use of technological adoption are other major barriers for the E-banking system. The imperfect competition among local and foreign banks is also another challenge for the adoption of E-banking in the  country. The limited technical and managerial skills available in the country for maintaining E-banking system. And regarding the benefits the study concluded the following. Perceived Ease of use is the basic benefit of E-banking in which it enables bank staff to perform banking activities in a simple way. Perceived usefulness in which it is used for time saving and Cost reductions are very great potential for banks to improve their public image. The understanding of the barriers to E-banking system implementation discovered in the study also help to take the best course of actions to promote the development of E-banking. This will also be valuable to all banking sectors of the country to increase their awareness and understanding of E-banking benefits. The conclusion is structured well, it also follows the finding and is in accordance with the findings of the study. 5.3 Assessment of the relationship between Recommendations and Conclusions Based on the conclusions the researcher recommends the following. The recommendations address each of the conclusions drawn out in the study. The National Bank of Ethiopia needs to urgently establish a clear set of legal frame works on the use of E-banking in the banking sector. This will successfully facilitate E-banking implementation in Ethiopia. ICT infrastructure is the main prerequisite for triumphant adoption of E-banking. So the government should support the banking industry by providing ICT infrastructure development. So as to survive and become competent in the banking industry, banks need to move away from traditional bank competition to a new technology focusing on cost reduction, customer retention, awareness, credibility, security, ease of use, and wider scope of products and services. In order to be able to best use of the E-banking system, banks need to familiarize their customers with the process and inform them the benefits they get from the system. Banks should pay special attention to deliver services to customers by using E-banking system which is ease of use.

The eNotes Blog Scholarship Spotlight †April2016

Scholarship Spotlight – April2016 Every month, we select some of the best scholarships around and post them here on our blog. When you are ready to apply, check out our tips on  How to Write a Scholarship Essay. Visit   Essay Lab  if you’re looking for a writing expert  to review and provide feedback on your scholarship or college application essays! HotelsCheap Scholarship Program   Amount: $1,500 Eligibility:  Applicants must be residents of the United States and at least 16 years of age. Scholarship rules and terms can be found here. Requirements:  To apply for the scholarship, he or she must answer four personal, open-ended, and thought-provoking questions. The students whose responses are the most persuasive, compelling, and well-written, as judged by our executive management team will be considered finalists. Due Date: April 15, 2016 Learn more and apply Pelican Water Sustainability Scholarship   Amount: $1,500,  $1,000, and  $500 (3 Winners) Eligibility: Must be legal US residents, must be currently enrolled full-time at an accredited university in the US Requirements: Write an essay on:  What are some ways to increase awareness about the negative environmental and social impacts of single use bottled water and how would you convince people to filter their own water at home? Include  Transcripts: High School Graduate (or equivalent): 3.5 or higher cumulative GPA or University: 3.5 or higher cumulative GPA. Reference: One letter of recommendation.  Submit applications (and all associated materials) to submissions@pelicanwater.com. Due Date: April 15, 2016 Learn more and apply Harbor Breeze Cruises Advertising and Social Media Scholarship Amount: $1,000 Eligibility: Harbor Breeze Cruises Announces its $1,000 Advertising and Social Media Scholarship. This scholarship acknowledges the increasing importance of advertising and social media for businesses to be able to compete and thrive in the future. Must have plans to be enrolled as a college/university student within the United States starting fall 2016. Must have a cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 (or the equivalent). Must be an American citizen, permanent resident, or hold a valid student visa. Must submit an essay meeting the specifications in the description. The essay must be the applicants original work. Requirements: Essay Please write an essay that answers the following questions: How do you foresee social media and advertising evolving in the future? What will the next generations of customers expect? How can Harbor Breeze Cruises, as a whale watch operations, engage these customers going into the future? How can Harbor Breeze Cruises stand out from the competition going forward in the future? Letter of Recommendation Written by a teacher, this letter will evaluate the students academic merit. Your Photo Your photo will be posted on this website if chosen as a recipient of the award. Due Date: April 30, 2016 at 11:59 PM PST. Learn more and apply Sleeping Angels Co. Scholarship Program Amount: $2,000 to 3 winners Eligibility:   Sleeping Angels Co. cares not only about families and parents, but also wants to plan for the future. To aide with this Sleeping Angels Co. has set up a scholarship for college students. This is to help offset the expensive costs of higher education, while remaining focused on their education and not how to pay off their education. We know that students are becoming more and more creative each and every year and we want to acknowledge those achievements. We are excited to bring about this scholarship to college students. Currently  enrolled as  college/university student within the United States of America Cumulative GPA of at least 3.0 American citizen, permanent resident, or hold a valid student visa is a requirement for participants Requirements:   Submit an essay describing the  evolution of the nanny in the 21st century (must be 100% unique) Upload an essay, letter of recommendation, and photo of yourself before submitting the application by clicking the Upload Scholarship Documents button and uploading files all at once. All of the following documents must be included: Essay: The essay should describe the goal of the particular project and provide the link to access the content such as the blog, app, etc. (if applicable). Letter of Recommendation: The letter should evaluate the quality of the work. Your Photo: The photo should be one taken during project execution. Due Date: April 30, 2016 at 11:59 PST. Learn more and apply

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Dissertation

A Framework for the Management of Oil Spillage Risks in Oil Exploration Programmes - Dissertation Example A researcher needs to understand the various assumptions underlying the different techniques and must have an idea to differentiate procedures as per the problem in the research study. Thus, choice of research methods based on the research problem forms a significant part of research methodology. The experimentation done to test hypothesis and discover new relationships must be based on a scientific method. The results drawn are then criticized. So a researcher must pay proper attention while developing the design of the research work and at the end must state probable inferences as a part of the study undertaken. The basic postulates on which the scientific method to be used is based on are- †¢ The method relies on empirical evidence. †¢ The method utilizes relevant concepts †¢ The study is committed to objective consideration only. †¢ The method of study aims at making adequate and correct statements about the population objects. †¢ The methods results into probabilistic predictions. †¢ The method is concerned for critical scrutiny for testing the conclusions derived. †¢ The method aims at formulating the general axioms or the scientific theories. Research Methodology can be conducted on the basis of three types of research format, such as, exploratory research, descriptive research and casual research. Introduction about Angola While discussing about research methodology, it is utterly relevant to state that the entire process was conducted using primary research. For the purpose of conducting the primary research, the researcher had to make a physical visit the location of Angola. For the purpose of better understanding of the criticality and relevant importance of the research methodology of the project, considerable amount of information about the nation of Angola and its various economic activities has to be discussed. Brief Overview: While giving a brief overview of Angola, it has to be mentioned that the country is lo cated in the South African west coast. The nation is comprised of around 18 provinces and the capital of Angola is Luanda. The nation is bordered by the South Atlantic Ocean for a coast area of around 1,650 km (Angola.org -1, n.d.). Talking about the geographical expanse of the region, the total size of the region is around twice the size of Texas. Discussing about the population strength of the nation, it has to be highlighted that as of the year 2013, the population count stood at over 18, 500,000. It is to be noted that the amount of population in the year 2011 in the urban areas of the nation comprised of around over 59% of the entire population (Cia.gov, 2013). The nation of Angola has a bitter political history, which comprised mostly of the 27 year old civil war. The civil war of the nation drew to a close around the year 2002. As of the current times, the nation is ruled by the multiparty presidential regime. The current government of the nation is Republic in nature (Cia.go v, 2013). While talking about the nation, it is crucially important to focus on the economy of the nation. The main driving factor of the economy of this nation is oil. The oil sector comprises of around 90% of the total of the country’s exports. With the gaining of independence in the year 1975, the