Toulmin Essay for American Physicians and Surgeons -myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theToulmin Essay for American Physicians and Surgeons. Answer: Introduction Abortion is one of the most debated topic of today, this is an international issue which has gained a lot of critics as well as support. Abortion is the process by which the fetus is removed from the womb of the mother. There are diverse opinions to this issue there are people who believe that abortion is a crime because it involves the killing of an infant. Other people are have the opinion that abortion is the choice of the mother whether she wants to give birth to the child or not. Apart from the two sides of the topic there is a third side as well, ethically abortion is not justified but there are cases when the baby is needs to be aborted it might be for the safety of the mother. When there are complications in the pregnancy when the mother is suffering from certain diseases that might affect the child as well (Morrell, Kathleen and Wendy Chavkin). Discussion Ethically abortion is not justified because the child has his right to live, it does not matter whether the child is born or not. The people who are against abortion say that right from the point the fertilization is done the development of embryo starts and then it takes the form of fetus and gradually turns in to a full grown child, so the fetus is also living. Just because it has not taken birth does not mean it is not alive or his right to live is lesser than others (Smyth, Dawn, and Paula Lane). According to Christian ethics abortion is a very serious crime, a sin as defined by the church. The Christian ethics strongly condemns abortion. Not just Christianity, abortion is condemned even in Islam. As per some religious of viewpoints both abortion and contraception practices strongly opposed. Right from the implantation till the child is being conceived, the fetus is considered as living and it is a crime to kill any living being (Keogh et al.). The people who are in support of abortion are called Pro-choice, their argument is that every individuals have the right to make their own choices so it is the right of the parent whether they want the baby or not, abortion in the early stages is permissible as per the legislation of many countries. Medically abortion in the later stages of pregnancy is not allowed because it causes harm to the women. Abortion should not be considered as murder in the early stage, which is the first ten to twelve weeks. It is proved by the scientific research that even if the fetus begins to develop a face, arms, legs, etc by the tenth week, it does not have a consciousness and it is not considered as a human being. There have been many arguments on this topic concerning what is right about abortion and what is not. The Pro-Life activist, those who are against abortion say that it is completely a crime to abort the fetus at any phase of pregnancy to this some of the extreme pro-abortionists say that the mother has the right to kill her baby even a week before full birth (Kaczor and Christopher). The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists furnished a statement that said: "Abortions are necessary in a number of circumstances to save the life of a woman or to preserve her health. Unfortunately, pregnancy is not a risk-free life event." There are cases that lead to termination of pregnancy so that woman's life can be saved it as includes severe infections, heart failure and severe cases of preeclampsia, a condition in which a very high blood pressure is developed and can cause stroke, says Erika Levi, a obstetrician and gynecologist at the University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. "There are certain cases where ending the pregnancy is the only option, cases where it would be putting the mother's life at risk to continue the pregnancy." The reason behind most of the abortions is health issue (Giubilini, Alberto and Francesca Minerva). The topic of abortion is very sensitive and requires to be handled very sensitively. Abortion is one of the most controversial topics because it is very difficult to judge which side is right. Cassing Hammond, an associate professor of obstetrics and gynecology at Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, says cases in most of the cases it is the doctors who decide whether it is safe for a pregnant woman to deliver a fetus or not (Coleman and Priscilla). If the abortion is done for the health issues it can be justified otherwise there is no point of justifying abortion. People who are against abortion strongly oppose abortion saying it is against the human rights. If the fetus would have not been aborted it might have happened that child would have successfully taken birth and nobody has the right determine who lives or who dies (Coleman and Priscilla). Conclusion Abortion is ethically a crime, there are people who are on support of abortion but apart from serious health issues it is not fair to justify abortion. The child has right to live and his or even his biological parents cannot take her right away. Killing a fetus is completely against the human rights. Pro-choice activists cannot completely be opposed because what they claim is rationally right. Killing is a very sensitive issue and mostly it is being looked emotionally rather rationally no matter what the reason is killing is always a crime and cannot be justified, moreover it is not the right of ordinary human being to decide who should live and who should die. References Coleman, Priscilla K. "Post-Abortion Mental Health Research: Distilling Quality Evidence from a Politicized Professional Literature."Journal of American Physicians and Surgeons22.2 (2017). Giubilini, Alberto, and Francesca Minerva. "After-birth abortion: why should the baby live?."Journal of medical ethics39.5 (2013): 261-263. Kaczor, Christopher.The ethics of abortion: Womens rights, human life, and the question of justice. Routledge, 2014. Kao, Grace Y. "Working Contextually and in Solidarity with Others."Journal of Feminist Studies in Religion31.1 (2015): 115-121. Keogh, L. A., et al. "Intended and unintended consequences of abortion law reform: perspectives of abortion experts in Victoria, Australia."J Fam Plann Reprod Health Care43.1 (2017): 18-24. Morrell, Kathleen M., and Wendy Chavkin. "Conscientious objection to abortion and reproductive healthcare: a review of recent literature and implications for adolescents."Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology27.5 (2015): 333-338. Saunders, John. "Doing good medical ethics: a Christian perspective."Journal of medical ethics41.1 (2015): 117-120. Smyth, Dawn, and Paula Lane. "Abortion in modern health care: Considering the issues for health?care professionals."International journal of nursing practice22.2 (2016): 115-120.